Method validation for simultaneous determination of heavy metals (Hg, Cd, As and Pb) at trace concentration levels in kratom leaves
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.60136/bas.v13.2024.1255Keywords:
Mercury, Cadmium, Arsenic, Lead, Kratom, ICP-OESAbstract
This manuscript reports the validation of an analytical method for simultaneous determination of heavy metals (Hg, Cd, As and Pb) in Kratom at low concentrations (part per billion, ppb) using an inductive coupled plasma-optical emission spectrophotometer (ICP-OES). Sample preparation followed AOAC (999. 10) guideline, involving the microwave digestion of dried Kratom leaves powder with nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide. The linear concentration ranges for Hg, Cd, As and Pb were found to be 0.25 -1.25, 0.05 - 1.25, 0.50 - 12.50 and 0.50 - 12.50 mg/kg, respectively. Limits of detection (LOD) were determined as 0.050 (Hg), 0.010 (Cd), 0.15 (As) and 0.15 (Pb) mg/kg, with corresponding limits of quantitation (LOQ) at 0.25 (Hg), 0.050 (Cd), 0.50 (As) and 0.50 (Pb) mg/kg. The recovery bias showed percentages ranging from 67 - 74% (Hg), 80 - 82% (Cd), 83 - 91% (As) and 80-82 (As). Precision, represented by the percentage of relative standard deviations (%RSD), was within the range of 0.6 - 7.3% for Cd, As and Pb, and 8.2-11.7% for Hg. Additionally, expanded uncertainties for Cd, As and Pb were below ±25%, and for Hg, it was below ±38%, at a confidence level of 95%. These results affirm the reliability and suitability of the proposed method for the quantitative analysis of heavy metals in Kratom leaves.
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