Bulletin of Applied Sciences

Intermediate check of electronic balances according to National Association of Testing Authorities, Australia (NATA) method

Jittakant Intiang — 2025-12-09

This article aimed to present the comparison of the various intermediate check methods for the electronic balance and showed the example of the procedure based on the guideline provided by the National Association of Testing Authorities, Australia (NATA). The process included two specific checks which cover both the single point check for accuracy performance and the repeatability check for precision performance. The intermediate check results were then compared with the calibration results of the electronic balance to ensure confidence in the calibration status and confirm that the electronic balance continues to operate reliably and accurately. The intermediate check of the electronic balance with a maximum capacity of 500 g with readability of 0.0001 g was conducted by using a calibrated 500 g weight. The results of both checks showed that the electronic balance’s performance still met the specified criteria.

Portable electric canting pen with palm wax sticks: Efficiency, user satisfaction and cost analysis for batik fabric production

Apaporn Sinthusarn — 2025-12-09

This research aimed to evaluate the efficiency, user satisfaction, and cost analysis of a portable electric canting pen used in conjunction with palm wax sticks in the batik fabric production process. This innovation, developed by the research team, was designed to address limitations in the traditional wax-drawing stage of batik making. The study began with the design of research methodology, identification of the population and target groups, selection of research instruments, experimental trials, data collection, followed by analytical discussions and conclusions. The research findings indicate that the portable electric canting pen and palm wax sticks demonstrated high efficiency in wax application on batik fabric, with overall suitability and feasibility rated at a high level. When compared to traditional canting tools, the electric version received the highest level of user preference. Although the initial field tests showed that the electric canting pen took slightly longer to operate, this was attributed to users’ unfamiliarity with the device and its temperature control system during the first use. The overall satisfaction score was at the highest level (x̅ = 4.25 + 0.65), equivalent to 85 percent. Cost and constraint analysis revealed that the innovation reduced energy consumption by up to 155 times, decreased material costs by over 36 percent, and shortened batik production time by approximately 40 percent. Additionally, it alleviated labor constraints, enhanced operational convenience and safety, and allowed for
easy procurement of palm wax materials for stick production. This research outcome is expected to improve the safety and quality of life of batik artisans, elevate the national standard of batik production, and promote sustained and creative development of the craft sector.

The study of equilibrium moisture content and mathematical of Andrographis paniculate herb

Jintana Sansuk — 2025-12-09

This research investigates the equilibrium moisture content of Andrographis paniculata. The samples used in this research were Andrographis paniculata plants cultivated in Lopburi Province. Three sets of equipment. The setup includes an electric oven with a 1,500 watt electric heater, six airtight sample containers to prevent air exchange, each containing a saturated salt solution to control the relative humidity inside the containers. The air temperatures used in the experiments to determine the equilibrium moisture content of Andrographis paniculata were 30 ºC, 40 ºC, and 50 ºC, with water activity values ranging 0.112 – 0.966. The sorption isotherm curves obtained displayed an inverse relationship with temperature at constant water activity. Subsequently, the mathematical relationship between the equilibrium moisture content and water activity was studied. Six mathematical models were compared. The results revealed that the Modified Halsey model showed the best fit to the experimental data in describing the equilibrium moisture content of Andrographis paniculata, with an average R² value of 0.992, and RMSD and MBD are 8.667% and 1.190% respectively.

Design and development of automatic village water disinfection system using ultraviolet radiation

Apaporn Sinthusarn — 2025-12-09

Most village water supply systems in the country continue to face problems related to microbial contamination, resulting in water quality that does not meet the potable water standards set by the Department of Health. This research was conducted with the objective of designing and developing an automatic Ultraviolet radiation (UV) disinfection system for village water supply at the laboratory scale. It also aims to contribute knowledge that can be further developed for replacing chlorine solutions traditionally used for disinfection in rural water supply systems. The design emphasizes simplicity, high efficiency, low cost, and safety. The research methodology involved problem analysis, design, construction and development, laboratory testing, and microbiological water quality assessment. The results of the study indicated that the design and development of the automatic UV disinfection system, using a low-pressure mercury UV lamp with a power of 18 watts, produced UV irradiance (E_UV) calculated by the Keitz formula at 27.6 milliwatts per square centimeter (mW/cm²). With an exposure time of 1 second, the UV dose reached 27.6 milliwatt-seconds per square centimeter (mW·s/cm²), which is higher than the dose required to reduce E. coli and most pathogens by 99% (2-log or D₉₉). Laboratory testing of the developed system revealed that, when treating settled raw water with a turbidity of 1.37 NTU and pH of 6.7, UV exposure of more than 5 minutes resulted in no detectable coliform bacteria in the water samples. Therefore, this system can be scaled up through design and calculation of the appropriate UV dose relative to water volume, flow rate, and raw water quality for use in village water supply systems. The system can be installed at elevated water tanks prior to distribution, helping reduce microbial contamination and enabling water to meet potable standards as defined by the Department of Health.

Development of an image analysis-based technique for precise evaluation of print mottle in the paper industry

Siriluk Pongkeatchai — 2025-12-09

This research aims to develop a technique for evaluating print mottle, a critical defect that affects print quality, particularly in solid-printed areas. The proposed method combines image processing with a mathematical model aligned with the human visual system (HVS) to achieve greater accuracy and consistency than visual inspection alone. The experimental work comprised (1) the creation of simulated images and (2) the use of actual printed samples obtained from commercial printing facilities. These samples were analyzed using multiple techniques, and the resulting measurements were compared with expert visual assessments to determine correlation values. The results indicate that bandpass filtering and the modified coefficient of variation yielded correlations below 0.8, while the tile cell method achieved correlations in the range of 0.8-0.9. In contrast, an integration model in the form of a simple model achieved the higher correlation values of more than 0.9, indicating the closest alignment with human visual assessment. Furthermore, the proposed approach can be implemented using common equipment such as flatbed scanners and image-analysis software, making it highly suitable for quality control in paper and packaging production processes.

Design and preliminary testing of a particulate matter sensor using electrical conductivity analysis technique

Wisanapat Rattanachan — 2025-12-09

This research article presents the design and preliminary testing of a particulate matter sensor that employs the principle of analyzing particle conductivity using readily available household equipment materials. The sensor comprises a sensor head, a DC high-voltage power supply, a signal amplifier, and signal mixing circuits. These components collectively convert an analog-to-digital signal, record the data, and process it. The sensor head features a needle electrode that overlaps with a T-pipe electrode. The needle electrode is connected to a high-voltage power supply, while the T-pipe electrode is connected to the signal amplifier and mixing circuit.
This connection transmits the analog converter to a digital signal, which is then transmitted to the recording and processing system for data storage and processing. In this research, the sensor’s current and voltage measurement properties were compared to those of a comparable method detector that measures particle mass concentration. The results were satisfactory, indicating a linear correlation between the current of the developed sensor and the particle mass concentration of the comparative method detector. This suggests that the developed sensor prototype can be effectively utilized to measure high-concentration exhaust dust in real time.