Design Improvement for Elderly-Friendly Bathrooms in Residential Dwellings

Abstract

This article presents a qualitative literature review analyzing the design and development of bathrooms for elderly individuals in Thailand and the Southeast Asian region. Secondary data from research studies, laws, government policies, and local case studies were synthesized to address the context of Thailand’s transition into a super-aged society, with an expected elderly population exceeding 28% by 2028. Bathrooms are identified as high-risk areas for falls, adversely affecting the health and quality of life of older adults. The study emphasizes the application of Universal Design principles and design approaches that prioritize safety and accessibility, including the use of outward-opening or sliding doors to facilitate emergency assistance, strategically placed grab bars, non-slip surfaces, pathways with a minimum width of 1.5 meters, and the avoidance of sharp corners or obstacles. Additionally, design strategies that enhance natural ventilation and reduce heat gain without excessive reliance on electrical energy are highlighted. Findings from case studies indicate that such bathroom modifications can reduce fall incidents by over 40% and significantly improve elderly users’ confidence in daily living. These outcomes align with the World Health Organization’s Active Ageing Framework, which promotes health, safety, and social participation among older adults. Given the predominant reliance on secondary data, the article recommends further quantitative research to evaluate impacts and support policy development for age-appropriate housing in Thailand sustainably.