การศึกษาเพื่อพัฒนามาตรการป้องกันการนำเข้าผักและผลไม้จากโรงคัดบรรจุ ที่มีประวัติสารพิษตกค้างไม่เป็นไปตามข้อกำหนด

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze the situation of imported fruit and vegetable packing houses with a history of non-compliance with pesticide residue standards and to develop more rigorous and effective preventive measures. A cross-sectional descriptive study design was employed, covering data from fiscal years 2019 to 2024, comprising 131 companies categorized by the number of commodity types sampled. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and binomial tests were applied to examine differences in compliance rates. The results revealed a steadily increasing trend in non-compliance, with packing houses exceeding five failed samples rising to 68.75% in FY2024 in some categories. Notably, packing houses with only one type of commodity sampled exhibited statistically higher risk than those with multiple commodities (p < 0.05), suggesting a vulnerability linked to reliance on single suppliers and limited traceability systems. High-risk packing houses (e.g., K3, K7, L1, P4, CC1, KK4) were repeatedly non-compliant, highlighting weaknesses in the current import control system. To address this, four integrated risk-based policy recommendations are proposed: (1) implementing a risk-based surveillance system using historical non-compliance data; (2) promoting GAP Plus certification and requiring verified certificates of analysis (COA); (3) integrating inspection data with the national customs digital platform in real-time; and (4) enhancing legal enforcement mechanisms and exporter accountability. These recommendations aim to strengthen the national food safety control system and ensure sustainable consumer protection.