Optimal PID Controller Design for Electric Vehicle Speed Control System using Whale Optimization Algorithm
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Abstract
This paper presents the optimal PID controller design for the electric vehicle (EV) speed control system by using the whale optimization algorithm (WOA), one of the most powerful metaheuristic optimization techniques. The sum-squared error (SSE) between the referent speed and actual speed will be set as the objective function to be minimized according to the modern optimization principle. The PID controller designed by the WOA will be compared with that designed by the teacher-learner-based optimization (TLBO). As design results, it was found that the PID controller designed by the WOA can provide very satisfactory response of the EV speed control system in both the input tracking response and the load regulating response with faster and smoother than the PID controller designed by the TLBO.
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