Journal of Advanced Development in Engineering and Science

Effects of Isoprene on Atmospheric Pollution Simulated Using the WRF-Chem Model Over the Northern Region of Thailand

2025-04-02T17:19:48+07:00

The research on the effects of Isoprene on atmospheric pollution simulated using the WRF-Chem model over the northern region of Thailand aims to study the influence of isoprene, a volatile organic compound emitted in large amounts by plants, on the formation of ozone and PM2.5. In this study, the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled to Chemistry (WRF-Chem) is performed to evaluate the model's performance in calculating the concentrations of ozone and PM2.5, as well as to examine the role of isoprene in changing these air pollution concentrations in northern Thailand. The results showed that the isoprene concentrations calculated by the model were approximately 3.7 and 2.4 times lower than the measurements during the rainy season and dry season, respectively. By using an isoprene adjustment factor in order to modify the isoprene calculations, the isoprene concentrations increased nonlinearly. The increase in isoprene enhanced the concentrations of ozone, but the calcultion of PM2.5 was not affected significantly. However, PM2.5 mass concentrations remained largely unchanged. Instead, the PM2.5 composition was significantly affected, with an increase in glyoxal proportion and a decrease in sulfate (1–3%), nitrate (0.8%), and ammonium (0.4–0.8%) compared to the baseline scenario. These changes are attributed to competition for oxidants (OH and NO₃), which influence the pathways of secondary aerosol formation and PM2.5 composition became more organic-rich. The findings highlight the critical role role of isoprene in atmospheric chemistry, with these changes impacting air quality as the formation of ozone and chemical composition of particles.

Iterative Development of a Serious Game for Older Adults: The Usability-Informed Approach

2025-08-15T10:43:20+07:00

This study presents the iterative usability evaluation of The Happy Cruise, a serious game specifically developed for older adults to support lifestyle-based market segmentation. Older adults represent a distinct user group facing usability challenges such as physical limitations, cognitive decline, and reduced digital engagement. To address these issues, the research adopted a problem–solution approach that integrated Nielsen’s Usability Heuristics, Task Analysis, and the Serious Game Design Assessment (SGDA) Framework within an iterative design cycle. Twelve participants aged 60–75 completed expert reviews, task performance assessments, and user interviews. In the first iteration, eight participants experienced difficulties with navigation and input mechanisms. After implementing design modifications informed by heuristic evaluation and participant feedback, satisfaction improved substantially, with ten reporting positive experiences in the final iteration.

While ensuring data collection for market segmentation, findings highlight the importance of intuitive interfaces, adaptable difficulty levels, engaginggameplay, and social interaction features in developinginclusive gaming experiences for older adults. The study’s novelty lies in demonstrating the rigorous integration of Nielsen’s Heuristics, Task Analysis, and the SGDA Framework for designing serious games tailored to older adults.

Optimal PID Controller Design for Electric Vehicle Speed Control System using Whale Optimization Algorithm

2025-08-27T06:44:39+07:00

This paper presents the optimal PID controller design for the electric vehicle (EV) speed control system by using the whale optimization algorithm (WOA), one of the most powerful metaheuristic optimization techniques. The sum-squared error (SSE) between the referent speed and actual speed will be set as the objective function to be minimized according to the modern optimization principle. The PID controller designed by the WOA will be compared with that designed by the teacher-learner-based optimization (TLBO). As design results, it was found that the PID controller designed by the WOA can provide very satisfactory response of the EV speed control system in both the input tracking response and the load regulating response with faster and smoother than the PID controller designed by the TLBO.

FDM 3D Printing Filament Fabrication Methods by Reusing the PET Plastics Wastes

2025-10-09T17:12:54+07:00

The objective of this research is to produce plastic filaments for Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) 3D printing from recycled Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic waste type. There is a study of optimizing the machine settings for producing plastic filament in dimension size of 1.75±0.05 millimeters (mm) and studying the properties of 3D printed parts with the test specimens according to ASTM D638 for mechanical testing and cubic specimens for dimensional accuracy. Research studies have shown that recycled PET plastic flakes can be produced into plastic filament with a diameter of Ø 1.75±0.05 mm by a mixing ratio of 0 to 40% with new PET plastic pellets. There is freshly melted through a single screw extruder at a barrel temperature of 245 ºC to 285 ºC with a screw speed of 40 RPM. The molten plastic is extruded through a die with a diameter of Ø 3 mm and cooled filaments are drawn through water with pulling speed of 8 meters per minute. The plastic filament produced are of good quality, smooth, clear, translucent, and have no air bubbles within the filaments. The obtain 3D printed parts from recycled PET plastic filaments are has a tensile strength value of 24.27 to 29.97 MPa., a percent elongation value of 1.55% to 2.14 % and dimensional error value of 0.5 to 1.5 %, which is similar to commercial PETG plastic filaments.

The Effect of Welding Current and Welding Speed on Hardness and Structure of Lap Joint Between SS400 Steel and SUS304 Stainless Steel in Robotic Gas Metal Arc Welding Process

2025-02-21T11:23:18+07:00

The objective of this research was to investigate the influence of welding current and welding speed on the hardness, macrostructure, and microstructure of lap joints between SUS304 stainless steel and SS400 carbon steel. Using a robotic Gas Metal Arc Welding process in a vertical-down position, the research utilized an ER309L filler wire with 100% argon shielding gas. Welding parameters included three current levels (120, 140, and 160 A) and three welding speeds (200, 250, and 300 mm/min). The results indicated that increasing the welding current increased the weld bead's width, height, and penetration. Conversely, these properties decreased with an increase in welding speed. A maximum weld bead hardness was achieved at a current of 140 A and a speed of 250 mm/min. Macro and microstructural analysis showed no surface discontinuities. The changes in welding current and speed influenced the microstructure, which correlated with the hardness results.

Specific Cutting Energies for Various Parts of Cassava Plants Obtained from the Pendulum Principle Adapted with Bi-Axial Cutting Force Measuring Device

2025-08-29T11:18:40+07:00

Cassava is a versatile plant due to all parts of this plant from top to root could be used for a number of purposes, particularly, cassava root. Cassava harvesting processes are involved some steps such as top and stem cutting, cassava tuber cutting, specimen collecting and size reduction of tuber for processing. Generally, cutting is used in several stages of the cassava harvesting process. This research was aimed to evaluate the dynamic force for further development of the suitable equipment for cassava farm. The pendulum 2-Axis cutting force principle for cassava cutting process was constructed and consisted of 4 parts: frame, cutting force measurement, cutting energy measurement, and data processing system. The cutting process was done at 3 different cutting angles of 15, 30 and 45 degrees. The results revealed that, when considering the lowest specific cutting energy, the suitable cutting angle for the top part of cassava stem, cassava tuber peduncle, and cassava tuber was 30 degree, specific cutting energies of 3.72, 5.46, and 0.35 joulespersquarecentimeter, respectively, were used. Whereas, cutting the cassava peduncle could be done at cutting angle of 45 degree, uses a specific cutting energy of 7.54 joules per squarecentimeter. It was clearly observed that cutting the end of cassava stem base which is the hardest part was taken the maximum specific cutting energy and specific maximum cutting force. On the other hand, the top end of cassava stem is consisted of soft tissue therefore the cutting was applied at the lowest specific cutting energy and specific maximum cutting force. To conclude, the pendulum principle cutting could measure the cutting energy and cutting force for cassava cutting process, including for assessment of the other agricultural product cutting force and cutting energy.

A Study and Analysis of TPMAP’s Poverty Indexes Using the Analytical Hierarchy Process

2025-08-22T20:26:25+07:00

This research aims to study and analyze the weighting of poverty indicators across different dimensions under the TPMAP (Thai People Map and Analytics Platform) system by applying the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The objective is to increase the accuracy of reflecting poverty issues, as the original system assigns equal weights to all five dimensions—health, education, finance, access to public services, and living conditions—which may not align with their contextual importance.The study gathered data from in-depth interviews with nine experts from various agencies involved in quality-of-life development. The data were then analyzed using AHP to transform qualitative insights into quantitative weights, while also testing the Consistency Ratio (CR) to ensure reliability. The analysis focused on the seven experts with CR values lower than 0.1, and their inputs were used to calculate new average weights.The results revealed that the education and access-to-public-services dimensions received higher weights than the others, at 27.6% and 24.4%, respectively. When the newly developed formula was applied to real data from nine northern provinces and compared with the results of the original formula, changes were observed in both the number of poor people and the provincial rankings. For example, Phayao Province moved up in ranking, demonstrating that adjusting indicator weights through AHP allows poverty issues in different areas to be more accurately reflected.This study therefore proposes the use of the Analytic Hierarchy Process as a methodological approach to improve and further develop TPMAP, enabling more effective policymaking and planning for target groups at both local and national levels.

Forecasting Solar Radiation Using Long Short-Term Memory Neuron Network in Thailand

2025-12-11T21:43:31+07:00

Solar energy is an important alternative energynowadays, as it helps reduce carbon emissions. Solar energy can be converted into electricity or thermal energy using specialized systems. Common types of solar energy systems include photovoltaic systems, solar thermal systems, and solar drying systems. To evaluate and optimize the performance of these systems, it is essential to know the amount of incident solar energy received by the devices. For this reason, this study aimsto forecast solar radiation at 1 hour 2 hours 3 hours 4 hours and 24 hours ahead using a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) machine learning model. Ground-based solar radiation dataand several atmospheric parameters from ERA5 at Nakhon Pathom site (13.82ºN, 100.04ºE), Thailand, were used for the period from 2019 to 2023.The results show that the developed LSTM model performs best for 1-hour ahead forecasting, achieving a normalized root mean square error (nRMSE) of 20.93% and a normalized mean bias error (nMBE) of 0.12%, compared to the measured data.

Investigated Properties of Ceo2 Doped Y257 Superconductors

2025-08-29T10:22:12+07:00

Polycrystalline Y₂Ba₅Cu₇O_15-X (Y257) samples doped with cerium oxide (CeO₂) at concentrations of x = 0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20 were synthesized via the solid-state reaction method at a sintering temperature of 950 °C. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed a mixture of superconducting and non-superconducting phases. The dominant superconducting phase exhibited an orthorhombic crystal structure (space group Pmmm), while secondary phases included Y₂BaCuO₅ (Pbnm), BaCuO₂ (Im-3m), and Ba₂Cu₃O₆ (Pccm). The fraction of the superconducting phase increased with CeO₂ content. Rietveld refinement indicated a slight expansion along the c-axis with increasing cerium doping. SEM imaging showed porous microstructures, while EDX mapping confirmed uniform elemental distribution. Electrical resistivity measurements using the four-probe method demonstrated a gradual increase in critical temperature (T_c) from 89.3 K (undoped) to 93.6 K (x = 0.20), consistent with values for Y123-type superconductors. These findings indicate that CeO₂ doping enhances the superconducting phase and improves the critical temperature of Y257 compounds.

The Potential of Extracts Derived from Leaves of Edible Medicinal Plants for Their Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities

2025-11-17T16:35:48+07:00

This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of ethanolic leaf extracts from four edible medicinal plants: Clerodendrum disparifolium, Ehretia acuminata, Blumea balsamifera, and Strobilanthes crispa. Leaf samples from the four plant species were extracted using ethanol as the solvent. The extracts were tested for antimicrobial activity against eight strains of pathogenic microorganisms: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) SK1, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli ATCC25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27853, Acinetobacter baumannii, Candida albicans NCPF3153 and Cryptococcus neoformans ATCC90112 using the colorimetric broth microdilution method. Antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of the extracts were assessed using the DPPH radical scavenging assay and the Folin-Ciocalteu method, respectively. In addition, the chemical composition of bioactive compounds in the extracts was analyzed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS).Among the extracts tested, the leaf extract of B. balsamifera exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity, effectively inhibiting the growth of S. aureus, S. epidermidis, and MRSA with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 1.024 mg/mL. The extract from B. balsamifera demonstrated the strongest antioxidant activity, with an IC₅₀ value of 0.178 ± 0.10 mg/mL in the DPPH assay. Moreover, it contained the highest total phenolic content, measured at 88.769 ± 10.33 mg gallic acid equivalent/g extract. GC-MS analysis revealed that phytol was the most abundant compound in the extract. These findings indicate that herbal extracts are promising sources of bioactive compounds and provide scientific support for the traditional use of these plants. The results also offer a basis for future investigations into their other biological activities.