Journal of Advanced Development in Engineering and Science

Effects of Thermal Processing and Food Additive on Shelf Life of Grass Jelly in Syrup Product

Tue, 30 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0700

The short shelf-life of the 7-day problem of grass jelly in syrup products has been seriously concerned by the small business operators who are the local food producers. Hence, this research was aimed to investigate the effects of thermal processing (pasteurization) and food additives on the shelf-life of grass jelly in syrup products. Grass jelly extracted solution was prepared from jelly grass and split into 7 portions and kept in fridge until usage for further treatments. These 7 portions were processed to achieve the 7 grass jelly samples of control, sodium benzoate and sodium sorbate added in grass jelly pulp at 500 ppm (J500), sodium benzoate and sodium sorbate added in syrup at 500 ppm (S500), glycerol added in grass jelly pulp at 2.5% (G2.5) and 3.5% (G3.5), and pasteurized at 100°C for 10 minutes (H10) and 20 minutes (H20). Later, samples were stored at 4 °C for 28 days with the interval of 7 days for quality assessments. The results revealed that every experimental sample sets showed reductions of L*-a*-b*-values, pH, and TSS when stored for a long period of time while the a_w presented increasing after 7 days and gradually decreased after 21 and 28 days of storage, respectively. The texture profile analysis (TPA) (Hardness, cohesiveness, springiness, adhesiveness, chewiness, gumminess) were analyzed and the results showed that most of the experimental samples presented the increasing trends from day 0 to day 14 followed by gradually decreased from day 14 to day 28. Considering the microbial quantity criteria for shelf-life assessment, the total microbial amount must not exceed than the standard of grass jelly products (Thai Industrial Standards Institute (157/2547)). This study observed that the control sample had a shelf-life of 7 days, while the J500, S500, G2.5, and H10 samples could be stored for up to 14 days. Furthermore, the G3.5 and H20 samples had the longest shelf-life at 4 °C of 21 days. To conclude, it could be suggested that applying the glycerol for 3.5% and thermal processing of pasteurizing grass jelly in syrup at 100°C for 20 minutes could extend shelf-life of the grass jelly in syrup product for up to 21 days at 4°C or 3 times longer when comparing with the traditional practice. These observations could assist the small business operators the valuable chance to expand the market as well as to enhance the profit.

The Effectiveness Evaluation of Manganese on The Anti-Corrosion Performance of Low alloy Steel Using Thermodynamic Analytical Approach

Tue, 30 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0700

The effectiveness evaluation of manganese (Mn) on the corrosion resistant performance of low alloy steel was performed using thermodynamic methods. The possible chemical and electrochemical reactions as well as the thermodynamic data such as standard Gibbs free energy of ions or compounds were first assessed and well prepared. Van't Hoff equation and Nernst’s equation were then applied to compute the electrochemically significant equations, which were then used to produce potential-pH diagrams of iron and manganese. Both diagrams were later merged to construct the potential-pH diagram of low alloy steel containing manganese. The results showed that MnFe₂O₄ can be thermodynamically formed in the high pH range and the region where MnFe₂O₄ and Fe₃O₄ overlap was obviously found. This indicates that MnFe₂O₄ and Fe₃O₄coexist in the rust layers on the steel substrate and manganese plays a role in enhancing the corrosion resistance of low alloy steel by improving the dense of Fe₃O₄, particularly in the high pH range. The effectiveness of manganese analyzed in this paper may be useful to the development of the low-cost weathering steel production in Thailand.

Biodiesel Production from Used Oils with Char Based Catalyst from Pomelo Peel Impregnated with KOH as a Catalyst

Tue, 30 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0700

This research utilizes pomelo peel char obtained from the pyrolysis process as a catalytic support for KOH by introducing it into the biodiesel production from the used oils via the tranesterification. Various parameters were studied including the ratio of methanol and used oil, temperature,time, amounts of catalysts, and types of catalytic systems (homogeneous and heterogenous). It was found that the optimized condition for the production was at the oil to methanolratioof 1:6, 60^oC, 1 hour and 2 wt.% KOH with the homogeneous system, giving the highest biodiesel yield of 90.01 %. For the heterogeneous system, the highest yield was obtained with 4 wt.% KOH of catalyst, giving biodiesel yield of 87.38 %. Nevertheless, the heterogeneous catalysts are more suitable for practical production due to easier catalyst separation. Therefore, the chemical components of the biodiesel produced from the heterogeneous catalysts with 4 % wtKOH was then analyzed with the GC-MS for its chemical composition, which included methyl oleate, methyl palmitate, methyl stearate, metyl palmitelaidate. In addition, this biodiesel had the properties i.e. density, viscosity, flash point and acidity meeting the European standard of biodiesel (EN 14214) and the standard of the Department of Energy Business, Ministry of Energy.

The Study and Development of Feed Screw for Briquette Charcoal Forming Process

Pongpun Rerkkumsup, Panurut Yaruan, Jaratsri Soeatuptim — Tue, 30 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0700

This research describes the study and development of feed screw for briquette charcoal forming process. To reduce feed screw wearing down in briquette charcoal extrusion process. The simulation was designed in SolidWorks programs and analyzed with Finite Element. Firstly, the dimension of feed screw are define with diameter 75 mm, total length 457 mm, thread pitch 300 mm, 7 trapezoidal threads, fixed pitch 40 mm, thread base width 17.40 mm, angle of thread faces 70 degrees and spiral ridge height 14 mm and adjust that, respectively. The experimental strength and analysis results of feed screw are found that, although increasing of the thread ridge will shorten the service life of the feed screw because the increased of maximum stress but the thickness of the spiral ridge also increases endurance. Therefore, adjusting the slope of thread faces, more advantages.

The Surface Modification of the Adsorbent Prepared from Egg Shell by Metal Oxide for CO2 Adsorption in Fluidized Bed Reactor

Varaporn Peasuwan, Benjapon Chalermsinsuwan, Saowaluck Chanchairoek — Tue, 30 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0700

This research studied the effect of modified surface of calcium oxide (CaO) adsorbent on the CO₂ adsorption by using local eggshell waste as an adsorbent raw material. Egg shell is a main source of calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) which can be converted to CaO via calcination reaction. The studying factors in the surface modifying step which affecting the BET specific surface area were atomic ratio of Titanium to Nickel, Nickel reducing time and calcination temperature. The results showed that the adsorbent with the different atomic ratio of Titanium to Nickel gave more BET specific surface area than using the same atomic ratio. The increasing of calcination temperature increased the BET specific surface area. However, the increasing of Nickel reducing time decreased the BET specific surface area. Moreover, the surface modified adsorbent which atomic ratio of Titanium to Nickel 1:1, Nickel reducing time in 60 min and calcination temperature at 900^oC gave the highest BET specific surface area of 7.37 m²/ g sorbent. When choosing the maximum BET surface area of modified adsorbent for CO₂ adsorption test in fluidized bed reactor, the results revealed that the modified surface calcium oxide adsorbent was capable to adsorb CO₂ with 22.12 mg CO₂/ g sorbent. The adsorption capacity was higher than that of the CaO adsorbent without modification which was 10.5 mg CO₂/g sorbent at the same adsorption condition.

An Automated Task Assignment System for University Lecturers

Jirawat Naiyagongsiri, Anirut Kantasa-ard, Paronkasom Indradat — Tue, 30 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0700

The aim of this research study was to develop an automated course assignment system for university lecturers using Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) with the objective of maximizing the planning score, which is derived from satisfaction scores and the total number of lecturers for all subjects. The study was conducted at the Faculty of Logistics, Burapha University, The study compared the model with the current approach over a period of two semesters. Three indicators were used to evaluate the performance: accuracy of allocation, teaching workload in credit allocation, and planning time. The results showed that the model outperformed the current approach in terms of accuracy of allocation and teaching workload in credit allocation. Specifically, it reduced workloads exceeding the minimum requirements by 2.92% and 14.78% per semester, respectively. Moreover, the model provided faster answers, with each iteration taking only 0.5-1 minute. The usability and satisfaction derived from using the model might not be explicitly clarified, but the model's results adhere to university regulations while also considering satisfaction as an important element within the objective function. Finally, this study successfully developed a model that effectively allocates tasks and reduces excessive workloads for university lecturers.

Double Truncated Lomax-Rayleigh Distribution and its Application

Kanittha Yimnak, Wimonmas Bamrungsetthapong — Tue, 30 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0700

In this research article, the Lomax-Rayleigh distribution (LRD) is developed by truncating both sides along with the presentation of some statistical properties such as the survival function, hazard function, moment, and parameter estimation. In terms of numerical experiments, the quantile function is studied as being used to create a random variable corresponding to a TLRD distribution. The results show that the standard error (SE) of the parameter estimation decreases as the sample size n increases. To study the efficiency of the distribution, the developed distribution is applied to the five real datasets, which are the lifetime of electronic devices and medical information. The goodness-of-fit test is used for the performance comparison. The results reveal that the truncated Lomax-Rayleigh distribution is the one that is consistent with all five real datasets.

Blurring Inappropriate Behavior Image for Digital Images and Videos Using Deep Learning Techniques

Aticha Chaipanit, Papada Pothi, Chaipichit Cumpim — Tue, 30 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0700

This research has developed a deep learning system for blurring images of inappropriate behavior. Blurring inappropriate images can be challenging for employees, as these pictures and clips are often widely published. Therefore, this paper presents a system that consists of three steps: training deep learning, detecting inappropriate behavior, and blurring the detected regions. The first step involves training the deep learning system using the Mask R-CNN model. In the second step, inappropriate behavior is detected using Mask R-CNN. Finally, in the last step, the detected regions are blurred using a Gaussian filter. The results of the evaluation showed that the system's performance in blurring images was assessed using metrics such as Accuracy, Precision, Recall, and F1 score, calculated from the Confusion Matrix. The metrics for the blurred images were found to be 0.72, 0.8, 0.86, and 0.83, respectively. For videos, the metrics were 0.88, 0.93, 0.92, and 0.93, respectively.

Phytochemical Compounds and Antioxidant Activities of Parkia speciosa Hassk.

Tue, 30 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0700

The preliminary phytochemical research of biological activities and antioxidants in stink bean (Parkia speciosa Hassk.) peel extracted by maceration extraction with four organic solvents, hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol. The extracts of stink bean peels were found to include nine classes of significant phytochemical compounds which were alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoid, coumarin, saponins, tannins, terpenoid, steroid, and cardiac glycosides. The total phenolic content of stink bean peel extracted with ethanol was recorded to be the greatest, followed by ethyl acetate dichloromethane and hexane with equilibrium values of 646.83±27.72, 137.82±5.84, 7.15±0.26 and 4.14±0.09 mg GAE/g FW respectively. The antioxidant activity using the DPPH radical scavenging method showed the highest percentage of radical scavenging record in the stink bean peel extracted with ethanol (50.6±1.51 – 63.38±0.71) followed by the stink bean peel extracted with dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and hexane respectively. In addition, ethanol-extracted stink bean peel was exhibited highest antioxidant activity by showing the lowest IC₅₀ value of 0.66±0.05, 0.14±0.002, 0.033±0.001, 0.023±0.002 and 0.019±0.001 µg/ml at 5, 20, 30, 40 and 60 min respectively. This corresponds to the greatest total phenolic content in stink bean peel extracted using ethanol. It demonstrates that the stink bean peel is a promising plant that can be further researched and developed to be a key ingredient in skin-beneficial cosmetic products.

Redesign of a Cross Transfer Drive by Using Value Engineering Technique

Dussadee Chakoontod, Srisit Chianrabutra — Tue, 30 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0700

The competition in material handling systems when international companies enter the Thai market is very challenging. Therefore, they bring high-efficiency material handling equipment to compete with the Thai manufacturers. As a result, Thai manufacturers have to accelerate their development to have comparable performance and competitive prices. This research aims to present a method to reduce costs and add value to a cross-transfer conveyor design. This work uses value engineering techniques to evaluate the efficiency and cost of the equipment. There are seven essential phases for implementing value engineering: the project selection phase, data collection phase, function analysis phase, creation phase, evaluation phase, investigation phase, and recommendation phase. By using this technique to redesign improvements, the new cross transfer drive can reduce the number of parts from the original 23 pieces, resulting in a 25% of reduction in assembly time, a 10% reduction in structural material weight, and a reduction in cost 30% with a value index of 1.50.