Evaluation of Critical HAZ Hardness in Railway Steel During Repair Welding by Finite Element Method
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Abstract
This research aims to evaluate the critical Hardness at the HAZ in the repair welding of R0900A grade railway steel by the finite element method (FEM). Works were divided into 3 parts; firstly, actual welding on a railway steel by Flux Cored Arc Welding process (FCAW). Welding conditions were set up of a welding current of 180 A, a voltage of 22-24 V, and a welding speed of 1.27 mm/sec. During welding, 3 points of cooling temperature were measured. The relationship between temperature and time is obtained.Such data were used to verify thermal distribution for FEM. Secondly, FEM was carried out in order to determine the width of HAZ, as well as, cooling rate (T8/5). Such the
T8/5 was employed to estimate critical Hardness at the HAZ. As previous research experiment, mathematical model between hardness and DT8/5 was established for this work. Finally, comparison of critical HAZ hardness between FEM and experiments was performed. As the results, it revealed that the critical HAZ hardness of FEM model was 494.6-513.1 HV. Meanwhile, the experiments provided 516.3-570.4 HV. The FEM simulation was relatively agreed with the experiment. The maximum error value of prediction was approximately 60 HV. This FEM approach is able to apply in properly welding procedure in order to avoid cold cracking in the future.
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