Antioxidant and a-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities of Solanum xanthocarpum Schrad. & Wendl. (Yellow Berried Nightshade) Fruit Extract

Abstract

Type-2 diabetes (T2D) is a chronic metabolic disease usually caused by defects in insulin secretion. In addition, T2D is a potential risk of developing the initiation of its complications, as a result of prolonged high blood glucose level (hyperglycemia) and overproduction of free radicals. The focus of this study was to evaluate antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of Solanum xanthocarpum fruit extract using DPPH free radical scavenging assay and a-glucosidase inhibitor, respectively. The CH₂Cl₂ extract showed the highest antioxidant activities with an IC₅₀ value of 1.142±0.23 mg/mL. In addition, the extracts were further studied for their a-glucosidase inhibitory activity. The MeOH extract selectively inhibited intestinal sucrase with an IC₅₀ value of 9.85±1.21 mg/mL while the CH₂Cl₂ extract inhibited baker’s yeast with an IC₅₀ value of 3.25±1.35 mg/mL. These results indicated that fruit of S. xanthocarpum would be beneficial in diabeties therapy based on its inhibitory activity against a-glucosidase and antioxidant activity.