Hydroxylation of Benzene to Phenol over TS-1 Catalyst at Elevated Temperature
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Abstract
This research presents the results of the synthesis of phenol from benzene in a one step reaction by the hydroxylation of benzene with hydrogen peroxide over titanium silicalite-1 (TS-1) catalyst. The reaction is carried out in a pressurised 3-phase stirred reactor at reaction temperatures higher than the normal boiling point of benzene at atmospheric pressure which are higher than the reaction temperatures used in any previous researches. The experiment is carried out by varying volume of water used as solvent, volume of benzene used as reactant, and reaction temperature. The results reveal that the amount of benzene can be dissolved into the water phase is the factor determining how far the reaction can go forward. The amount of benzene dissolved into the water phase can be increased by (a) increasing the volume of water used as solvent and (b) use benzene in an adequate volume which can completely cover the top surface of the of the water layer all over the reaction period in order to prevent benzene already dissolved into the water phase vaporized back to the gaseous phase.
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