The Study of Magnetic Levitation Force Using a Magnetic Railway Train Experimental Kit
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Abstract
This study investigates the effects of magnetic pole orientation on the levitation performance of a model magnetic levitation (maglev) train. A physics instructional kit was developed to demonstrate electromagnetic principles through hands-on experimentation. The magnetic track was constructed using three distinct magnet arrangements: (1) all magnets oriented with the north pole facing upward, (2) all magnets oriented with the south pole facing upward, and (3) an alternating sequence of north–south poles. Examination of the resulting magnetic field lines revealed elevated field densities at the periphery of the track and at the interfaces between adjacent magnetic poles. The train base was configured in six arrangements (A1-1, A1-2, A1-3, A2-1, A2-2, and A2-3), employing two different sizes of neodymium magnets. The experimental results demonstrated a nonlinear decrease in magnetic lift force as the distance between the magnets increased. Within the 0–1 cm range, configurations featuring uniform pole orientation (A1-1, A1-2, A2-1, and A2-2) produced greater lift forces than those with alternating pole arrangements (A1-3 and A2-3), with the maximum and minimum recorded forces being 0.7 N and 0.08 N, respectively. These findings highlight the strong influence of pole alignment on lift efficiency and suggest that uniform magnetic orientation enhances levitation performance.
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