Identification of QTL and SSR Markers Associated with Cowpea Weevil (Callosobruchus maculatus) Resistance in Black Gram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper)
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Black gram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper] is an important crop in Asia. It is utilized in various ways, including direct consumption and processing in various industries, which increases the demand for higher yields of black gram. However, diseases and insect pests significantly impact the quantity and quality of black gram production. One of the major issues is the infestation of the cowpea weevil (Callosobruchus maculatus). Loss of seed yield in black gram during storage due to bruchid especially C. maculatus is the most significant stored insect pest of tropical legume crops and a serious problem for farmers and traders. Therefore, it is necessary to develop black gram varieties resistant to cowpea weevil, very little is known about the genetics of bruchid resistance in black gram. Previously, genetic mapping and identification of a quantitative trait locus (QTL) controlling seed resistance to bruchids in wild black gram were conducted. It was found that the resistance is controlled by 2 major QTLs, namely qVmunBr6.1 and qVmunBr6.2. This study aimed to develop and identify DNA markers associated with the gene controlling resistance to cowpea weevil in black gram. An F2 population of 198 individuals, derived from a cross between the cultivated black gram Chai Nat 80 (CN 80; susceptible) and the wild black gram TVNu 1076 (TVNu 1076; resistant), was used. The population was subjected to genetic analysis using newly developed simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Marker–trait associations were evaluated by correlating marker genotypes with the percentage of seed damage caused by cowpea weevil through single marker analysis (SMA). Four markers, namely; CMSSR09, CMSSR11, CMSSR19, and CMSSR40, showed significant associations with resistance. Furthermore, one major QTL, designated qVmBr6.1.1, was detected between markers CMSSR11 and CMSSR19, accounting for 29.19% of the phenotypic variation in percentage of seed damage. These results provide a valuable basis for fine mapping and identification of genes conferring resistance to cowpea weevil in black gram.
Article Details
References
Altschul, S.F., Gish, W., Miller, W., Myers, E.W., & Lipman, D.J. (1990). Basic local alignment search tool. Journal of Molecular Biology, 215(3), 403-410.
Benbouza, H., J acquemin, J.M., Baudoin, J.P., & Mergeai, G. (2006). Optimization of a reliable, fast, cheap and sensitive silver staining method to detect SSR markers in polyacrylamide gels. Biotechnology, Agronomy, Society and Environment, 10(2), 77-81.
Chen, T., Hu, L., Wang, S., Wang, L., Cheng, X., & Chen, H. (2022) Construction of high-density genetic map and identification of a bruchid resistance locus in mung bean (Vigna radiata L.). Frontiers in genetics, 13, 903267. https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2022.903267
Dongre, T.K., Pawar, S.E., Thakare, R.G., & Harwalkar M.R. (1996). Identifcation of resistant source to cowpea weevil (Callosobruchus maculatus (F.)) in Vigna sp. and inheritance of their resistance in black gram (Vigna mungo var. mungo). Journal of Stored Products Research, 32(3), 201–204. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-474X(96)00028-8
Fujii, K. & Miyazaki, S. (1987). Infestation resistance of wild legumes (Vigna sublobata) to azuki bean weevil, Callosobruchus chinensis (L.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) and its relationship with cytogenetic classification. Applied Entomology and Zoology, 22(2), 229–230. https://doi.org/10.1303/aez.22.229
Ha, J., Satyawan, D., Jeong, H., Lee, E., Cho, K.H., Kim, M.Y., & Lee, S.H. (2021). A near-complete genome sequence of mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) provides key insights into the modern breeding program. The Plant Genome, 14(3), e20121. https://doi.org/10.1002/tpg2.20121
Li, H., Ye, G., & Wang, J. (2007). A modified algorithm for the improvement of composite interval mapping. Genetics, 175(1), 361–374. https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.106.066811
Lodhi, M.A., Ye, G-N., Weeden, N.F., & Reisch, B.I. (1994). A simple and efficient method for DNA extraction from grapevine cultivars and Vitis species. Plant Molecular Biology Reporter ,12 (1), 6-13. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02668658
Meng, L., Li, H., Zhang, L., & Wang, J. (2015). QTL IciMapping: Integrated software for genetic linkage map construction and quantitative trait locus mapping in biparental populations. The Crop Journal, 3 (3), 269-283.
Kang, Y. J., Kim, S. K., Kim, M. Y., Lestari, P., Kim, K. H., Ha, B.-K., Jun, T. H., Hwang, W. J., Lee, T., Lee, J., Shim, S., Yoon, M. Y., Jang, Y. E., Han, K. S., Taeprayoon, P., Yoon, N., Somta, P., Tanya, P., Kim, K. S., & Lee, S.-H. (2014). Genome sequence of mungbean and insights into evolution within Vigna species. Nature Communications, 5(1), 5443. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms6443
Kaewwongwal, A., Kongjaimun, A., Somta, P., Chankaew, S., Yimram, T. & Srinives, P. (2015). Genetic diversity of the black gram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper) gene pool as revealed by SSR markers. Breeding Science, 65(2), 127–137.
Kashiwaba, K., Tomooka, N., Kaga, A., Han, O.K. & Vaughan, D.A. (2003). Characterization of resistance to three bruchid species (Callosobruchus spp., Coleoptera, Bruchidae) in cultivated rice bean (Vigna umbellata). Journal of economic entomology, 96(1), 207–213
Kosambi, D.D. (1944). The estimation of map distance from recombination values. Annals of Eugenics, 12(1), 172–175.
Naito, K., Wakatake, T., Shibata, T.F., Iseki, K., Shigenobu, S., Takahashi, Y., Tanaka, E.O., Muto, C., Teruya, K., Shiroma, A., Shimoji, M., Satou, K., Hirano, T., Nagano, A.J., Tomooka, N., Hasebe, M., Fukushima, K. & Sakai, H. (2022). Genome sequence of 12 Vigna species as a knowledge base of stress tolerance and resistance. bioRxiv, 2022.2003.2028.486085. https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.03.28.486085
Pootakham, W., Nawae, W., Naktang, C., Sonthirod, C., Yoocha, T., Kongkachana, W., Sangsrakru, D., U-thoomporn, N.S., Somta, P., Laosatit, K. & Tangphatsornruang, S. (2021). Molecular Ecology Resources, 21(1), 238-250. https://doi.org/10.1111/1755-0998.
Somta, P., Ammaranan, C., Ooi, P. & Srinives, P, (2007). Inheritance of seed resistance to bruchids in cultivated mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilzcek). Euphytica, 155, 47-55.
Somta, P., Chen, J., Yundaeng, C., Yuan, X., Yimram, T., tomooka, N. & Chen, X. (2019). Development of an sNp-based high-density linkage map and QtL analysis for bruchid (Callosobruchus maculatus F.) resistance in black gram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper). Scientific Reports, 9, 3930. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-40669-5
Souframanien, J. & Gopalakrishna, T. (2007). Source for bruchid resistance and its inheritance in Trombay wild urdbean (Vigna mungo var. silvestris). Journal of Food Legumes, 20(1), 19–21.
Soundararajan, R., Geetha, S., Chitra, N., & Dinakaran, D. (2013). Resistance in Vigna mungo var. silvestris against bruchids. Callosobruchus maculatus (F.). Annals of Plant Protection Sciences, 21(2), 279–282
Talekar, N.S. & Lin, Y.H. (1992). Characterization of Callosobruchus chinensis resistance in mungbean. Journal of Economic Entomology, 85(4),1150–1153, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/85.4.1150
Temnykh, S., DeClerck, G., Lukashova, A., Lipovinch, L., Cartinhour, S. & McCouch, S. (2001). Computational and experimental analysis of microsatellites in rice (Oryza sativa L.): frequency, length variation, transposon association and genetic marker potential. Genome Research, 11(8), 1441–1452.
Tomooka, N., Kashiwaba, K., Vaughan, D.A., Ishimoto, M. & Egawa, Y. (2000). The effectiveness of evaluating wild species: searching for sources of resistance to bruchid beetles in the genus Vigna subgenus Ceratotropis. Euphytica, 115(1), 27–41
Untergasser, A., Cutcutache, I., Koressaar, T., Ye, J., Faircloth, B.C., Remm, M. & Rozen, S.G. (2012). Primer3 – new capabilities and interfaces. Nucleic Acids Research, 40(15), e115.
