Journal of Science and Technology Kasetsart University

The Study on Salinity Changes in Kamphuan Canal, Ranong ProvinceThe Study on Salinity Changes in Kamphuan Canal, Ranong Province

Raweewan Kamrat — 2025-12-25

The study on the salinity changes in Kamphuan Canal, Ranong Province, was conducted to provide data supporting aquaculture in the canal. The study focused on observing salinity changes, covering tidal cycles, including spring and neap tides. Salinity measurements were taken at various depths in both the main and subsidiary channels of Kamphuan Canal. During the neap tide at low tide in KP01, salinity ranged from 18-34 psu, while in the KP02, it ranged from 26-34 psu. During the neap tide at high tide, salinity in KP01 ranged from 25-34 psu and in KP02 from 29-34 psu. For the spring tide at low tide, salinity in KP01 ranged from 19-34 psu and in KP02 from 30-34 psu. During the spring tide at high tide, salinity in both KP01 and KP02 was consistently between 33-34 psu when comparing to the average salinity in each channel using a t-test at a 95% confidence level, significant differences were found between low and high tides during the spring and neap tide cycles in both KP01 and KP02 (P<0.05). Based on the findings, KP02 is identified as a suitable site for aquaculture.

Differences in Collegiate Athletes' Happiness Indicators Levels: A Perspective on Quality of Life and Sports Environment Factors

Supatcharin Kemarat — 2025-12-25

This study was aimed at identifying differences in quality of life and happiness indicators among collegiate athletes and to examine the variations in training and competition experiences across different sports and levels of happiness indicators. Participants included 332 athletes who took part in the Thailand University Games in 2025. The athletes were divided into individual athletes (n = 166) and team athletes (n = 166). The research utilized the WHOQOL–BREF–THAI, which encompasses physical health, psychological health, social relationships, environmental health, and Thai happiness indicators. Data was collected through an online questionnaire, which took approximately 20 minutes to complete and was administered only once to each participant. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, Pearson’s Chi-squared test, Wilcoxon Signed Rank test, and Fisher’s exact test. Results indicated a significant correlation between happiness indicators and levels of physical health, mental health, social relationships, environmental quality, and overall quality of life (p < 0.001). However, no significant differences were found between individual and team athletes regarding the quality of life and happiness indicators (p > 0.05). Additionally, significant differences were observed in the training and competition experiences between team and individual athletes (p < 0.05). Therefore, Educational institutions and agencies supporting athlete development should prioritize enhancing the quality of life to boost happiness levels for individual and team athletes.

Utilization of By-Product from Tanning Industry on Yield, Yield Components of Maize and Some Soil Properties

Achrika Sintapanin — 2025-12-25

The aim of this study was to investigate the utilization of by-product from the tanning industry (BPTI) on the yield and yield components of hybrid maize cv, Seed Tech 188, planted in the Kamphaeng Saen soil series and some soil properties. The experimental design was arranged in a Randomized Complete Block (RCBD) with 3 replications, consisting of 8 treatments. The results revealed that all treatments applied with chemical fertilizer (CF) based on soil chemical analysis or the application of CF based on soil chemical analysis and the spray of BPTI provided the highest ear weight, ear without husk weight, grain weight or yield, 1,000-grain weight, and protein in grain and were significantly different from the control treatment (control, T1), which resulted in the lowest ear weight, ear without husk weight, grain weight, 1,000-grain weight, and protein in grain. After the experiment, all treatments applied with CF based on soil chemical analysis or the application of CF based on soil chemical analysis and the spray of BPTI, as well as the control treatment, affected the electrical conductivity (ECe) of soil that was non-saline. Furthermore, all treatments applied with CF based on soil chemical analysis or the application with CF based on soil chemical analysis and the spray of BPTI affected the organic matter of soil, moderately low to moderate. While all treatments applied with CF based on soil chemical analysis and the spray of BPTI affected soil pH, slightly alkaline. The extractable Fe of soil was low to high; the extractable Zn of soil was moderate to high, and the extractable B of soil was moderate to very high.

Efficacy of Custard Apple Extract Against Plutella xylostella L.

Thanita Kham-amnouy — 2025-12-25

Organic crop production is limited in substances for plant pest and disease control. This study was aimed at evaluating the efficacy of custard apple leaf and seed extracts against diamondback moth to provide guidelines for their use in organic agriculture and as an alternative for farmers to use substances. 2 varieties of custard apple, the Nang variety and the Phet Pak Chong variety, were studied, testing leaves and seed parts. A completely randomized design (CRD) with four replications was used. The rate of extract was varied to assess its effect on diamondback moth control. For the leaves, the efficacy of fresh and dried leaves soaked in water for 24 hours was tested. It was found that extracts from both fresh and dried leaves had a little efficacy. Fresh leaves and extracts of the Nang variety at the rate of 10% w/v and the Phet Pak Chong variety at the rate of 5% w/v were 37 and 61 % effective in controlling diamondback moth, respectively. Dry leaf extracts of both varieties at rates of 0.5-10% w/v were more than 40 % effective. For custard apple seeds, the efficiency of seed extracts extracted by soaking in water and ethanol for 24 hours found that the Nang variety's ethanol extracts were more effective than aqueous extracts, with the 10% w/v extract causing up to 100 % diamondback moth mortality. The Phet Pak Chong variety's aqueous seed extracts at 20% w/v and ethanol seed extracts at 5 and 10% w/v were highly effective, with efficiencies of 76 %, 81 %, and 95 %, respectively.

Effect of Drying Method on Microbial Abundance and Andrographolide Content of Andrographis Paniculata

Jittima Jirapothithum — 2025-12-25

The drying method is an important factor for the quality of herbs’ raw materials, including Andrographis paniculata, because it reduces constituents and the growth of microorganisms, affecting the standard of herbal raw materials. An appropriate drying method can help prevent microbial contamination and preserve the andrographolide content in Andrographis paniculata. For this experiment the Andrographis paniculata drying was done in various drying methods:1) in the sun, 2) indoors, 3) in the solar greenhouse, and 4) using hot air. The experimental results indicated that Andrographis paniculata contains an amount of andrographolide 101.30, 99.24, and 91.92 mg/l, respectively. The solar drying method showed the lowest value approximately 69.66 mg/l. However, the amount of active ingredients in Andrographis paniculata in the sun and indoor-drying method was not different. However, higher contaminants were found in the Total Plate Count. The number of total micro-organisms in the sun and indoor-drying methods was 1.4x10⁶ CFU/g, and 6.2x10⁶ CFU/g respectively while in the solar and hot-air-drying methods were found 8.4x10⁵ and 3.6x10⁵ CFU/g, respectively. Therefore, these results suggested that, the hot-air-oven-drying method is the most suitable method for Andrographis paniculata because it can maintain the quality and quantity of active ingredients.

Non-contact Void Detection in Concrete Layers using Reflection and Transmission Coefficients Using a Microstrip Patch Antenna

Kriangkrai Treerittivitaya — 2025-12-25

This article is to present non-contact void detection in concrete layers based on the reflected power electromagnetic waves response to different permittivities of concrete with and without voids. The measurement is accomplished by employing a vector network analyzer connected with a microstrip patch antenna. The antenna was developed on a double-sided FR-4 PCB. The antenna was designed to operate at 1.614 GHz with a return loss less than -25 dB. The reflection coefficient S₁₁ was measured in the concrete by the transmitting antenna, while the receiving antenna on the opposite side of concrete blocks measured the transmission coefficient S₂₁. The concrete block was measured along its length and the measurement positions were adjusted using a driven rail system. The results for the concrete sample with voids and without voids showed that the average S₁₁was -30.93 dB and -22.88 dB respectively while the average S₂₁ was -16.48 and -18.86 dB, respectively. The reference values of S₁₁ and S₂₁ of concrete voids are respectively lower than -28.11 dB and higher than -17.53 dB. The accuracy of void detection in concrete is at 94%, that can be concluded that electromagnetic waves can be effectively applied to detect concrete voids.

Estimating Monthly Runoff Using Reanalysis Precipitation Data for Ungauged Areas in Kanchanaburi Province, Thailand

Apirak Pinpipat — 2025-12-25

Estimating runoff for small-scale water resource development projects requires rainfall data from nearby stations. However, rain gauge stations are often sparse in mountainous areas. To address this issue, reanalysis precipitation data has been introduced for data-scarce regions. This study evaluates the performance of the WorldClim and CHELSA data by comparing them with observations from nine rain gauges in Kanchanaburi Province from 2000 to 2018. Results indicate that both datasets exhibit a strong correlation with gauges data, with CHELSA showing a slightly higher correlation coefficient (r=0.84) than WorldClim (r=0.79). Regarding accuracy, CHELSA demonstrates very good performance with
a slight positive bias (PBIAS=+4.16%), while WorldClim shows satisfactory performance but with
a considerably higher positive bias (PBIAS=+22.64%). Runoff estimates for six small-scale water resource projects, calculated using these reanalysis precipitation datasets, differ from those derived from gauge observations, with relative differences ranging from -28.82% to +100.68% for WorldClim and from -12.64% to +87.39% for CHELSA. This study highlights the potential of reanalysis precipitation data for hydrological applications in ungauged areas, supporting the planning and design of reservoir capacity and irrigable areas.

Quality Improvement of Molasses by Activated Carbon Prepared from Fly Ash as Waste Driven out of Boiler in The Sugar Factory

Nuttawoot Pimpanit — 2025-12-25

The sugar industry generates significant byproducts, particularly bagasse fly ash and molasses. This study added value to these residues by converting fly ash from boiler stacks (600–800°C) into activated carbon through physical activation at 700°C and 900°C for 0–200 min. The efficiency of the produced activated carbon was evaluated by measuring the residual weight after burning, iodine adsorption, and surface area. The results showed that the optimal condition was activation at 900°C for 80 minutes, which yielded a product with 83% residual weight, increased iodine adsorption capacity from 92 mg/g to 329 mg/g, and increased surface area from 16.2702±0.0177 m²/g to 80.2001±0.0375 m²/g. The produced activated carbon was tested for its efficiency in reducing the color value of molasses, studying factors of quantity, temperature, and time. The most suitable condition was found to be using 25% activated carbon by mass at 83°C for 68 minutes, which reduced the color value from 208,139±2335 ICU to 125,896 ICU, representing a 40% color reduction efficiency. Other molasses properties also improved: the concentration of soluble solids increased from 70.81±0.15% to 80.24% enhancing quality and reducing transportation costs, pH decreased from 4.79±0.01 to 4.49 while lower pH promoted sucrose hydrolysis beneficial for ethanol fermentation without affecting total sugar, total sugar content remained above the standard from 50.72±0.48% to 51.71% as a result of increased concentration, and turbidity decreased from 33.66±1.31 ICU to 25.35 ICU consistent with reduced sulfate ash (≤11%). This research demonstrates the potential for adding value to sugar industry byproducts and presents an environmentally friendly waste management approach by converting fly ash into efficient activated carbon for improving molasses properties.

Application of Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process for Selecting a Parcel Delivery Service Provider in A Case Study of an E-commerce Business

Wirunpuch Prommachan — 2025-12-25

This research was aimed at applying the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (Fuzzy AHP), a Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) technique, to select the most suitable parcel delivery service provider for an E-commerce business. The Fuzzy AHP method is widely recognized for its effectiveness in handling uncertainty and evaluator’s subjectivity inherent in the process of weighing decision criteria and comparing alternatives. Data were collected via questionnaires administered to 40 relevant company personnel. Three parcel delivery service providers, namely Thailand Post, J&T Express, and Flash Express, were evaluated based on five ranges of criteria: 1) Delivery Speed, 2) Parcel Safety, 3) Service Convenience, 4) Cost-Effectiveness, and 5) Punctuality. The results derived from the Fuzzy AHP analysis indicate that Thailand Post (S2) is the most suitable provider according to the criteria weighing determination of the evaluators. This study demonstrates that Fuzzy AHP serves as an effective tool, facilitating a selection process characterized by clarity, systematic structure, reduced bias, and the provision of tangible quantitative results crucial for strategic decision-making.

Analysis of Trends in Rainfall, Runoff, and Suspended Sediment in The Eastern Region

Kamonvat Rittaphai — 2025-12-25

This study aims to analyze and evaluate trends in rainfall, streamflow, and suspended sediment in the eastern region of Thailand. Hydrological characteristics and trend variations were examined across three-time scales: annual, rainy season, and dry season. The analysis utilized data from 16 rainfall stations, 37 streamflow stations, and 16 sediment monitoring stations. Three statistical methods were applied: Moving Average, Mann-Kendall trend test, and Linear Regression. The Moving Average method indicated an overall increasing trend in rainfall, while streamflow and suspended sediment exhibited decreasing trends. However, the Mann-Kendall and Linear Regression analyses did not reveal any statistically significant trends in rainfall, streamflow, or sediment load. The results of this study are significant for supporting effective water resource management and guiding sustainable planning in the future.

Study of Flood Mitigation in Khlong Lang Suan Basin Using Mike 11 Model

Suraphat Raksawat — 2025-12-25

In this study, the MIKE 11 mathematical model was applied to simulate the 2D flow conditions of Khlong Lang Suan and proposed effective approaches to alleviate flooding in the Khlong Lang Suan basin for relevant agencies. Considering all 4 case studies: Case Study 1 (current situation), Case Study 2 (reservoir construction), Case Study 3 (monkey cheek construction), and Case Study 4 (reservoir and monkey cheek construction, respectively). The period of severe flooding in 2017 was selected to analyze to find the most appropriate approach. The results showed that Case 4 could reduce most of flooding areas compared to the existing river condition (Case 1). It could reduce the flooding area to 7,537 rai from 18,200 rai, decreased by 58.59% compared to the existing flooding area in 2017 while Case 2 and Case 3 could reduce the flooding area around 58.17% and 3.54% respectively. However, upon evaluating the cost-effectiveness, it was found that Case 2, constructing a reservoir, was a more suitable approach than Case 4, not considering using the area for a monkey cheek reservoir but achieving similar efficiency. The difference in flood reduction between Case 4 and the construction of a reservoir with a monkey cheek reservoir was only 0.42%.

Evaluation of The Quality of Anatomical Specimens Produced with Room Temperature Plastination Using KE-108 Silicone

Aphantri Duangjern — 2025-12-25

This study was aimed at evaluating the quality of porcine hearts and kidneys produced from a room-temperature plastination using industrial KE-108 liquid silicone. All plastination processes, including formalin fixation, acetone dehydration, and forced impregnation with KE-108 silicone liquid, were conducted at room temperatures between 28-33 ^oC. The specimen’s volume, surface hardness, and color parameters (brightness, green-to-red and blue-to-yellow shades) were measured and compared between the control groups (the fresh and the formalin-fixed organs) and the organs derived from the plastination process using 1.5%, 2%, and 5% catalyst ratios. The results showed that all porcine hearts and kidneys produced from this technique maintained their anatomical shape and structures. All color parameter values were not affected by the plastination process. Although the plastination process caused significant shrinkage and increased their surface hardness in both hearts and kidneys, the specimens still had good quality. To determine the effects of different catalyst-to-polymer ratios in the force impregnation on the quality of products, the results showed that specimens produced from different catalyst-to-polymer ratios had similar quality. These proved that this technique is suitable for producing anatomical teaching media.

Effect of Modified Estradiol/Progesterone and hCG Protocol for Time Artificial Insemination on Reproductive Performance in Dairy Cows

Sarawut Chareansalung — 2025-12-25

This study evaluated estrus synchronization protocols using estradiol (E2), progesterone (P4) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in dairy cows. Fifteen Holstein-Friesian crossbred cows were randomly divided into three groups: Group 1 (E2+P4, n=5); Group 2 (E2+P4+hCG, n=5); and Group 3 (E2+P4+double dose hCG, n=5). On day 0, cows received intramuscular (IM) injections of estradiol benzoate (2 ml, 1 mg/ml) and insertion of a progesterone device (CIDR, 1.38 g). On day 7, CIDR was removed, and cows received prostaglandin (2 ml, 0.25 mg/ml cloprostenol). Additionally, Group 2 received 300 IU hCG on day 7 while Group 3 received 300 IU hCG on days 7 and 8. On day 8, all cows received estradiol cypionate (1 ml, 1 mg/ml), and artificial insemination was performed on day 10. Results showed no significant differences (P>0.05) among groups regarding uterine and ovarian characteristics. The diameter of the largest follicle on day 10 was also not significantly different (P=0.45). On day 20, no significant differences were found among groups regarding ovulation rate (P=0.72), corpus luteum diameter (P=0.24), and blood flow score (P=0.26). In conclusion, adding hCG to an E2/P4-based estrus synchronization protocol did not improve reproductive performance in dairy cows compared to protocols without hCG