Optimizing the Surface Roughness of ST37 Steel using CNC Turning Machinery through the Taguchi Technique

Abstract

This research aims to study and improve the forming process of ST37 steel using CNC turning machinery to enhance the surface quality of workpieces, which is a significant factor affecting their functionality and durability. The Taguchi method was employed for experimental design and result analysis, considering three variables: spindle rotation speed, feed rate of the turning tool, and cutting depth. In the experimental design, the L9 Taguchi array was utilized due to its effectiveness in analyzing the relationships between various factors and levels. Experiments were conducted by measuring the surface roughness of the workpieces post-turning. In result analysis, the S/N ratio was utilized to assess variability and process stability, along with Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to examine the significance of each factor concerning the workpiece’s surface roughness. The research findings indicate the optimal conditions for forming ST37 steel, achieving the smoothest surface quality, were a spindle rotation speed of 2000 RPM, a feed rate of the turning tool at 0.06 mm per rotation, and a cutting depth of 0.5 mm. These conditions yielded the best surface smoothness values 0.984 mm. The outcomes of this research can serve as guidelines for improving and developing the workpiece forming process in industries, particularly where superior surface smoothness is required. Moreover, the research can help reduce costs and enhance efficiency in the production process, enabling better market responsiveness and competitive advantages in the industry.