สารออกฤทธิ์ทางชีวภาพในเห็ดและประโยชน์จากการใช้แสงเทียมสำหรับการเพาะเลี้ยง
Keywords:
Mushroom, Bioactive compounds, Growth promotion, Artificial light, เห็ด, สารออกฤทธิ์ทางชีวภาพ, การส่งเสริมการเจริญเติบโต, แสงเทียมAbstract
Mushrooms are living organisms that produce a variety of bioactive compounds such as polysaccharides, proteins, phenolics and terpenes, which have biological effects, for example, enhancing immunity, reducing blood sugar, inhibiting cholesterol synthesis, and inhibiting cancer cell growth through cell apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, suppression of cell migration, and more. Due to these properties, mushrooms are considered to be a superfood for health, and their bioactive substances are often used as ingredients in food and cosmetic products. Therefore, in recent years, numerous studies have been conducted to stimulate growth and the production of bioactive substances in mushrooms, intended for supply to industries. This review aims to explore the bioactive effects found in mushrooms, as well as the appropriate wave length of artificial light to stimulate growth and the production of bioactive substances in mushrooms.
บทคัดย่อ
เห็ดเป็นสิ่งมีชีวิตที่มีความสามารถในการสร้างสารออกฤทธิ์ทางชีวภาพได้หลายชนิด เช่น พอลิแซคคาไรด์ โปรตีน ฟีนอลิก และ เทอร์พีน ซึ่งมีฤทธิ์ทางชีวภาพในการเสริมสร้างภูมิคุ้มกัน คุณสมบัติในการต่อต้านอนุมูลอิสระลดน้ำตาลในเลือด ยับยั้งการสังเคราะห์คอลเลสเตอรอล และคุณสมบัติในการยับยั้งเซลล์มะเร็งโดยกระตุ้นให้เกิดกระบวนการตายของเซลล์ ยับยั้งวัฏจักรเซลล์ ยับยั้งการแพร่กระจายของเซลล์ เป็นต้น จากคุณสมบัติดังกล่าว ทำให้เห็ดถูกนำมาใช้สำหรับการบริโภคเพื่อบำรุงสุขภาพ นอกจากนี้สารพฤกษเคมีจากเห็ดยังเป็นสารที่มีมูลค่าสูงและถูกนำมาใช้ในเชิงอุตสาหกรรม ในปัจจุบันมีการศึกษาวิจัยเพื่อหาวิธีการกระตุ้นให้เห็ดมีการเจริญเติบโตและสร้างสารออกฤทธิ์ที่สำคัญทางชีวภาพให้สูงขึ้น ดังนั้นการรวบรวมเอกสารครั้งนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อที่จะศึกษาสารออกฤทธิ์ทางชีวภาพที่สามารถพบได้ในเห็ด รวมถึงตัวอย่างการนำแสงเทียมที่ความยาวคลื่นเหมาะสมมาใช้ในการกระตุ้นการเจริญเติบโตและผลิตสารพฤกษเคมีสำคัญในเห็ด
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