Bioenergy and Biochemicals in Thailand: Opportunities and Challenges toward Sustainable Development Goals

Abstract

This article presents an overview and critical analysis of the bioenergy and biochemical industries in Thailand, with a focus on assessing the opportunities and challenges the country faces in driving these sectors toward alignment with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs). The study explores potential biomass sources and key conversion technologies—including thermochemical, biochemical, and chemical processes—as well as current policies and infrastructure. Thailand holds significant advantages in terms of abundant agricultural resources, a strong agro-industrial base, and a growing global demand for bio-based products. However, critical challenges persist, such as high production costs, limited access to advanced technologies, and inconsistent policy support. The article proposes strategies for integrated policy development, innovation promotion, human capital enhancement, and the creation of an enabling industrial ecosystem for sustainability. Overall, it demonstrates that bioenergy and biochemicals can play a pivotal role in reducing dependence on fossil fuels, adding value to domestic resources, and fostering balanced economic, social, and environmental development in Thailand.