การผลิตพลาสติกชีวภาพ การใช้ประโยชน์ และผลกระทบ ต่อสิ่งแวดล้อม

Abstract

Bioplastic have continuously garnered increasing attention as an alternative material due to the persistent problem of non-biodegradable plastic waste. These materials can be classified into three primary categories including bio-based and biodegradable, petroleum-based and biodegradable, and bio-based and non-biodegradable. The production processes of bioplastics include direct extraction from biomass, microbial fermentation, and synthesis from bio-based monomers. Bioplastics are used in many different industries, with packaging being the largest market segment. Their applications also extend to medical, automotive, and agricultural sectors. The global market for bioplastics demonstrates continuous growth trajectories across these diverse applications. However, while bioplastics are generally considered more environmentally benign than conventional plastics, their production and post-consumer management are associated with significant limitations and potential environmental impacts. These concerns include Adverse land use changes, GHG emissions, and micro/nanoplastic pollution. Consequently, comprehensive management systems are necessitated to ensure the optimal and sustainable utilization of bioplastics.