การศึกษาเชิงเปรียบเทียบต้นทุนการผลิตไบโอดีเซลชุมชนเพื่อการส่งเสริมการใช้พลังงานทดแทน

Study on Cost Comparison of Biodiesel System in Local Level for Promotion of Renewable Energy

Abstract

This project aims to compare the productions’ cost of biodiesel from two biodiesel production systems which produce from
different materials and methods. The purpose of the research is to study on cost comparison between two biodiesel production systems in order to promote biodiesel as a renewable energy to use in local level. The comparison between biodiesel from jatropha seeds’ pressed system from crude oil and the biodiesel from used vegetable oil by used oil system was held in Phitsanulok, Phetchaboon, Phichit, and Chainat provinces. 5 sample groups were selected for each system. Each sample group has production capacity less than 200 liters/day. The data was collected through questionnaires and in-depth interviews during January 2008 to December 2009. The qualitative research method is used to analyze the data e.g. Frequency, Percentage, Mean and Standard Deviation etc.
The comparison of production cost between biodiesel from the jatropha seeds’ pressed system from crude oil and the used
vegetable oil by used oil system are considered only variable cost showed that the biodiesel from jatropha seeds’ pressed system from
crude oil has the production capacity of 419.33 liters per year, which is very low. This result reveals the problem of having not
enough jatropha seeds for production. Therefore, the high amount of jatropha seeds will always be needed. The cost of biodiesel from
jatropha seeds is approximately 18.62 Baht per liter. It can be sold for the price of 28 Baht per liter, which will make profit of 9.38
Baht per liter or has a profit of 33.50 percents. On the other hand, the production of biodiesel from used vegetable oil by used oil
system is mostly produced by group of member in the local community. They will group up and make a network of member as for collecting materials and building up the trade system. Therefore, they do not have the problem of material shortage. The biodiesel from
this system has a cost of 22.05 Baht per liter and has a net profit of 5.95 Baht per liter or has a profit of 21.25 percents. The fixed
cost of both systems has almost the same. Biodiesel from the jatropha seeds’ pressed system from crude oil has a cost of 15,612.00
Bath per group per year and the biodiesel from used vegetable oil by used oil system has a cost of 15,578.20 Bath per group per year.
Biodiesel from jatropha seeds’ pressed system from crude oil works well in agricultural machinery such as Kubota small tractor,
motorized cart, farmer’s truck, tractor, etc. Conversely, biodiesel from used vegetable oil by used oil system can be used well in the
vehicles with high speed engine such as pickup truck, car, heavy truck, etc. In conclusion, biodiesel from jatropha seeds’ pressed
system from crude oil is suitable to use in local village or up country where as the biodiesel from used vegetable oil by used oil system
is suitable to use in the city. The suggestion from this research is that the government should generate the subsidy to support the farmer by giving the budget for fixed cost such as the pilot plant, machinery and equipment set to the farmer as well as giving an impetus to production in order to produce enough jatropha seeds for biodiesel production.