Magmatic arcs and nappes in Myanmar and western Thailand related to  Neo-Tethys closure and Indian Ocean subduction

Andrew  Mitchell; Kyaw Min Htun; Myint Thein Htay; Nyunt Htay

Authors

Andrew Mitchell Consultant, Myanmar Precious Resources Group, Yangon, Myanmar
Kyaw Min Htun Myanmar Precious Resources Group, Yangon, Myanmar
Myint Thein Htay Myanmar Precious Resources Group, Yangon, Myanmar
Nyunt Htay No.176, Marga Street, Zegon West Block, Yangon, Myanmar

Keywords:

arc reversals, convergent subduction zones, divergent flysch nappes, Mayathein back-thrust, metamorphic nappes, Neo-Tethys closure, Western Tin Belt

Abstract

Our tectonic interpretation of western Myanmar and westernmost Thailand adopts proposed restorations of ca 450 km post-Eocene dextral displacement on the Sagaing Fault and argues that in the Early Jurassic Neo-Tethys lay between convergent subducting oceanic basins, one offshore Sibumasu on the Asian plate, and one offshore a narrow continental Victoria-Katha Block. With basin closures ophiolitic nappes obducted from Neo-Tethys over-rode turbidites on the Asian and Victoria-Katha Blocks’ passive margins, translating the turbidites landward as flysch (deformed or tectonised turbidite) nappes. On the Asian margin crustal thickening in the E-vergent orogen formed the Yinmabin Schist, re-thrust eastwards over the flysch before orogenic polarity reversed and the eastward-subducting Neo-Tethys generated the Early Cretaceous W-facing Mondaung Arc in Myanmar and Thailand. We suggest that on the Victoria-Katha Block’s eastern margin ophiolite obduction was followed by reversal in orogenic polarity, westward subduction of Neo[1]Tethys and Late Cretaceous Popa-Loimye arc magmatism which ended soon after 90 Ma with Neo-Tethys closure, thrusting of the Victoria-Katha Block onto Asia and formation of a suture zone which probably continues into the Nujiang-Bangongco zone in China. Subsequent back[1]thrusting translated metamorphic rocks on the Asian margin westwards, over-riding the Neo[1]Tethys suture zone and Orbitolina Limestone on the Victoria-Katha Block as seen in the Shwebo Basin and north of Mogok. Following crustal shortening, partial melting and intrusion of Western Tin Belt granites at ca 70-44 Ma, orogenic polarity again reversed and eastward subduction of the proto-Indian Ocean generated Late Eocene and younger magmatic rocks of the Popa-Loimye Arc. We argue that most of the copper, gold, tin, tungsten, antimony, jadeite and gemstones in Myanmar west of the Palaeo-Tethys are related to the above orogenic events, although the formation of sapphire, ruby, Shante district gold and Monywa copper were accompanied by dextral displacement on the Sagaing Fault.

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