Transformation Growth Factor ? (TGF-?) Superfamily Signaling and Their Novel CandidateAntagonist, High-Temperature Requirement Factor A (HtrA3)

Jiraporn Tocharus

Authors

Jiraporn Tocharus Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000,Thailand.

Abstract

Members of Transformation Growth Factor (TGF-β) superfamily, which include TGFβs, growth differentiation factors, bone morphogenetic proteins, activin, inhibin, and glial cell linederived neurotrophic factor, are multifunctional cytokines. Most ligands of the family signal through transmembrane serine/theronine kinase receptors and Smad proteins to regulate cellular functions, including proliferation, apoptosis, extracellular matrix secretion and adhesion, terminal differentiation and specification of developmental fate. The regulation of each of these functions of TGF-βs superfamily factors is important for embryonic development. Extracellularly multiple binding proteins for the TGF-β family have been characterized as regulators of TGF-β signaling. This review focused on a novel candidate antagonist of TGF-β superfamily signaling termed HtrA3. high-temperature requirement factor A (HtrA3) binds to a broad range of TGF-β proteins such as TGF-β1, TGF-β2, BMP4 and GDF5 and also inhibit at least TGF-β1 and BMP4 signaling.

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