Effect of Ozone on Nitrogen Fixation, Nitrogenase Activity and Rhizobium of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp)

Chanin Umponstira; Srisuda Kawayaskul; Sasinapa Chuchaung; Wipa Homhaul

Authors

Chanin Umponstira Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture Natural Resources and Environment, NaresuanUniversity, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
Srisuda Kawayaskul Department of Microbiology and Parasite, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thaiand.
Sasinapa Chuchaung Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture Natural Resources and Environment, NaresuanUniversity, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
Wipa Homhaul Department of Agricultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture Natural Resources and Environment, Naresuan University,Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand.

Keywords:

Ozone, Rhizobium, Nitrogenase acivity, Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp)

Abstract

The research aimed to investigate the effects of ozone on nitrogen fixation in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) following the growing period e.g. seedling, vegetative (V3), flowering (R1) and harvesting (R5). Plant samples were grown in the fumigating chambers of which the temperature, light, and ozone concentration were controlled. The treatment groups were given two levels of ozone at 40 and 70 ppb for 8 hours per day. The control group, ozone in the ambient air was charcoal filtered less than 10 ppb before entering to the chambers. The results showed the effects of ozone on significant reduction in the total biomass particularly root dry weight, the number of nodule, distribution of nodule size over 2 mm and the nodule dry weight. Moreover, the total nitrogen in plant tissues and the nitrogenase activity were significantly decreased when plant samples were in the stages of vegetative, flowering and harvesting due to ozone exposure. Slow growing rhizobium well established in the rhizophere of the control group rather than ozone fumigated plant. Indeed, continuing ozone fumigating concentration both levels at 40 and 70 ppb decreased the total soil nitrogen 3.423.91% as compared with the control group. Finally, the reduction in the total nitrogen in plant tissue and soil were due to decreasing the number of nitrogen fixation bacteria hosted nodule at the rhizosphere and deficiency of nitrogenase activity.

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