Adsorption Isotherm of Some Heavy Metals in Water on Unripe and Ripe  Peel of Banana

Mintra Sirilert; Kamol Maikrang

Authors

Mintra Sirilert Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University
Kamol Maikrang Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University

Keywords:

Adsorption, Banana peel, Heavy metals, Cadmium, Lead

Abstract

The use of banana peels for removing heavy metals from water was a promising alternative due to the fact that they are abundantly available as agriculture wastes and are available at a low price. In the present study, the potentiality of unripe and ripe banana peels as adsorbents for removing cadmium and lead ions from aqueous solution was investigated by adsorption. The effect of pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time and initial metal concentration were investigated. The experimental result showed that adsorption of cadmium on ripe and unripe banana peels increased with the increase in pH. Maximum uptake took place at pH 3.0 and 5.0 using ripe and unripe banana peels as adsorbent, respectively. The optimum dosage was selected as 30 g/L and the contact time was achieved at 20 minutes for both types of banana peels. For lead adsorption, the maximum adsorption occurred at pH 4.0 and 5.0 with an adsorbent concentration of 40 g/L at 20 minutes using ripe and unripe banana peels as adsorbent. The adsorption phenomenon was fitted with Langmuir isotherm indicated monolayer adsorption. Cadmium uptake capacity was 1.9051 and 2.6185 mg/g using unripe and ripe banana peels, respectively. For lead, the maximum adsorption capacity was 1.630 and 2.8810 mg/g using unripe and ripe banana peels, respectively. Hence, ripe banana peels have greater potential than unripe banana peels for both types of metal ions adsorption. The removal of lead had a higher adsorption capacity than cadmium.

References

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. (2007). Toxicological profile for lead. Retrieved from https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp13.pdf

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. (2012). Toxicological profile for cadmium. Retrieved from https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp5.pdf

Anwar, J., Shafique, U., Waheed uz, Z., Salman, M., Dar, A., & Anwar, S. (2010). Removal of Pb(II) and Cd(II) from water by adsorption on peels of banana. Bioresource Technology, 101(6), 1752-1755. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2009.10.021

Azouaou, N., Sadaoui, Z., Djaafri, A., & Mokaddem, H. (2010). Adsorption of cadmium from aqueous solution onto untreated coffee grounds: Equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamics. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 184(1–3), 126-134.

Bai, Y., & Bartkiewicz, B. (2009). Removal of cadmium from wastewater using ion exchange resin Amberjet 1200H columns. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 18(6), 1191-1195.

Bakalár, T., Búgel, M., & Gajdošová, L. (2009). Heavy metal removal using reverse osmosis. Acta Montanistica Slovaca, 14(3), 250.

Barka, N., Qourzal, S., Assabbane, A., Nounah, A., & Ait-Ichou, Y. (2011). Removal of Reactive Yellow 84 from aqueous solutions by adsorption onto hydroxyapatite. Journal of Saudi Chemical Society, 15(3), 263-267. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jscs.2010.10.002

Barka, N., Abdennouri, M., El Makhfouk, M., & Qourzal, S. (2013). Biosorption characteristics of cadmium and lead onto eco-friendly dried cactus (Opuntia ficus indica) cladodes. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 1(3), 144-149. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2013. 04.008

Basu, M., Guha, A. K., & Ray, L. (2015). Biosorptive removal of lead by lentil husk. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 3(2), 1088-1095.

Basu, M., Guha, A. K., & Ray, L. (2017). Adsorption Behavior of Cadmium on Husk of Lentil. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 106, 11-22.

Bhatnagar, A., Sillanpää, M., & Witek-Krowiak, A. (2015). Agricultural waste peels as versatile biomass for water purification – A review. Chemical Engineering Journal, 270, 244-271. doi: https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.cej.2015.01.135

Boota, R., Bhatti, H. N., & Hanif, M. A. (2009). Removal of Cu(II) and Zn(II) Using Lignocellulosic Fiber Derived from Citrus reticulata (Kinnow) Waste Biomass. Separation Science and Technology, 44(16), 4000-4022. doi: 10.1080/01496390903183196

Cerna, M. (1995). Use of solvent extraction for the removal of heavy metals from liquid wastes. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 34(2), 151-162. doi: 10.1007/bf00546029

Charerntanyarak, L. (1999). Heavy metals removal by chemical coagulation and precipitation. Water Science and Technology, 39(10), 135-138. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S02731223(99)00304-2

Chowdhury, P., Elkamel, A., & Ray, A. K. (2015). CHAPTER 2 Photocatalytic Processes for the Removal of Toxic Metal Ions. Heavy Metals In Water: Presence, Removal and Safety (pp. 25-43): The Royal Society of Chemistry.

De Gisi, S., Lofrano, G., Grassi, M., & Notarnicola, M. (2016). Characteristics and adsorption capacities of low-cost sorbents for wastewater treatment: A review. Sustainable Materials and Technologies, 9, 10-40. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.susmat.2016.06.002

Ebrahimi, A., Ehteshami, M., & Dahrazma, B. (2015). Isotherm and kinetic studies for the biosorption of cadmium from aqueous solution by Alhaji maurorum seed. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 98, 374-382.

Fu, F., & Wang, Q. (2011). Removal of heavy metal ions from wastewaters: A review. Journal of Environmental Management, 92(3), 407-418. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j .jenvma n.2010.11. 011

Kariuki, Z., Kiptoo, J., & Onyancha, D. (2017). Biosorption studies of lead and copper using rogers mushroom biomass ‘Lepiota hystrix’. South African Journal of Chemical Engineering, 23, 62-70.

Karthikeyan, S., Balasubramanian, R., & Iyer, C. S. P. (2007). Evaluation of the marine algae Ulva fasciata and Sargassum sp. for the biosorption of Cu(II) from aqueous solutions. Bioresource Technology, 98(2), 452-455. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2006.01.010

Khanna, P. (2011). Assessment of heavy metal contamination in different vegetables grown in and around urban areas. Research Journal of Environmental Toxicology, 5(3), 162-179.

Malkoc, E., & Nuhoglu, Y. (2005). Investigations of nickel(II) removal from aqueous solutions using tea factory waste. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 127(1–3), 120-128. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.101 6/j.jhazmat.2005.06.030

Nguyen, T. A. H., Ngo, H. H., Guo, W. S., Zhang, J., Liang, S., Yue, Q. Y., ... & Nguyen, T. V. (2013). Applicability of agricultural waste and by-products for adsorptive removal of heavy metals from wastewater. Bioresource technology, 148, 574-585.doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j. biortech.2013. 08.124

Pavan, F. A., Mazzocato, A. C., Jacques, R. A., & Dias, S. L. P. (2008). Ponkan peel: A potential biosorbent for removal of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution. Biochemical Engineering Journal, 40(2), 357-362.

Saha, G. C., Hoque, M. I. U., Miah, M. A. M., Holze, R., Chowdhury, D. A., Khandaker, S., & Chowdhury, S. (2017). Biosorptive removal of lead from aqueous solutions onto Taro (Colocasiaesculenta(L.) Schott) as a low cost bioadsorbent: Characterization, equilibria, kinetics and biosorption-mechanism studies. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 5(3), 2151-2162.

Tang, X., Zheng, H., Teng, H., Sun, Y., Guo, J., Xie, W., ... & Chen, W. (2016). Chemical coagulation process for the removal of heavy metals from water: a review. Desalination and Water Treatment, 57(4), 1733-1748. doi: 10.1080/19443994.2014.977959

Tchounwou, P. B., Yedjou, C. G., Patlolla, A. K., & Sutton, D. J. (2012). Heavy Metals Toxicity and the Environment. EXS, 101, 133-164. doi: 10.1007/978-3-7643-8340-4_6

Torab-Mostaedi, M., Asadollahzadeh, M., Hemmati, A., & Khosravi, A. (2013). Equilibrium, kinetic, and thermodynamic studies for biosorption of cadmium and nickel on grapefruit peel. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 44(2), 295-302.

United States Environmental Protection Agency. (2017). Risk Assessment for Carcinogenic Effects. Retrieved from https://www.epa.gov/fera/risk-assessment-carcinogenic-effects

Vimala, R., & Das, N. (2009). Biosorption of cadmium (II) and lead (II) from aqueous solutions using mushrooms: A comparative study. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 168(1), 376-382.