Treatment of Cartilage Injury in Rat’s Knee Joint by Implantation of A 3-D  Silk Fibroin Scaffold with Chondrocytes

Niwat Taepavarapruk; Waree Tiyaboonchai; Pratthana Chomchalao; Pornnarin Taepavarapruk

Authors

Niwat Taepavarapruk Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand 65000
Waree Tiyaboonchai Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand 65000
Pratthana Chomchalao College of Medicine and Public Health, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand 34190
Pornnarin Taepavarapruk Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand 65000

Keywords:

bone regeneration, silk fibroin/gelatin scaffold, physical activity test

Abstract

This study investigated the functional and histological properties of an implantation of silk fibroin/gelatin (SF/G) scaffold enriched with chondrocytes into a rat’s knee joint. The animals were divided into 3 groups as 1) a sham group which received an incision on the joint capsule, 2) a blank SF/G group which had a burr hole on the cartilage and transplanted with a blank scaffold, and 3) SF/G+C group which had a burr hole on the cartilage and transplanted with chondrocyte-rich fibroin scaffold. At the 1^st, 2^nd, 3^rd, and 4^th week after surgery, each animal was subjected to locomotor activity tests by running on a treadmill for 5 min and followed by climbing on a rotating rod for 5 min, respectively. The results of treadmill test showed that some animals in each group could not walk or run as long duration as 5 min period in the 1^st week. However, all of them could run normally on the treadmill in the 2^nd week. For the rotarod test, most of the animals in SF/G+C group could not stay on a rotarod for the whole period of 5 min at the 1^st, 2^nd, 3^rd, and 4^th week after surgery. In contrast, the results of sham and blank SF/G groups showed significantly longer duration of balancing on the rotarod. Nevertheless, when compared the percent change of durations from the 1^st week to the 4^th week we found that the SF/G+C group had a greater improvement than the sham and blank SF/G groups. After 1-month locomotor testing, the animals were euthanized and their right knees were kept in 10% formalin for at least 3 weeks, then decalcified in 10% nitric acid before slicing for the histological study. By using H & E staining method, there was a thin layer of new regrowth tissue formed in the damaged bone of blank SF/G group. In the SF/G+C group, however, there were a thicker layer of new regrowth tissue and a piece of scaffold with chondrocytes attached to the damage bone. Altogether, these findings indicate that our silk fibroin/gelatin scaffolds have a high potential for further development to be the biocompatible biomaterial used for the treatment of injury or arthritic conditions of the articular surface.

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