Conservation Status of the Last Himalayan Cattle Breed of Bhutan

Chimi Wangmo; Nima Norbu; Jigme Tenzin

doi:10.69650/ahstr.2024.1588

Authors

Chimi Wangmo Center for Bhutan and GNH studies, Zhinchekhar, Thimphu, 11001, Bhutan
Nima Norbu District Livestock Services, Gasa District Khatoed Block, 14001, Bhutan
Jigme Tenzin Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources, Royal University of Bhutan, Lobesa, Punakha, 11001, Bhutan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.69650/ahstr.2024.1588

Keywords:

Conservation, Nublang, Thrabum, Siri cattle, Bhutan

Abstract

Siri cattle (Bos indicus) are native to the mid-hills of the Himalayan region and are reared for milk, draught power, manure, and meat. In this study, we quantified Siri population trends in Bhutan over the last 11 years, evaluated factors threatening their survival, and analyzed conservation efforts. Also, necessary action plans to strengthen its sustainable management were identified. Data were collected from the participants through a stratified random sampling according to the role of each respondent: farmers (n=25), service providers or extension officials (n=172), and policymakers (n=29). Results showed that the Siri population is expected to decline over the next 10 years (2030) to 60,000 from the existing 86492. Several factors contribute to a population decline, including reduced economic returns, government incentives for stall-feeding with a small number of high-yielding cows, and a farm labor shortage. More than 80% of service providers and policymakers supported the idea of the conservation of native breeds owing to their usefulness as draught animals and in providing income to marginalized farmers. They also supported the idea of having a rigorous government policy to conserve the Siri cattle population. Some conservation measures, such as ex-situ and in-situ conservation of genetic materials, have been initiated; however, this seems inadequate to reverse the rapid decline of the Siri cattle population. This is exacerbated by the lack of coherent policies and strategies, which limits conservation efforts. Therefore, it is recommended to have a robust and specific policy for Siri cattle conservation and priority actions in Bhutan.

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