Equilibrium, Kinetics, and Thermodynamic Studies Concerning the Removal of 2–chlorophenol Using Chemically Carbonized Rice Husk Waste

Duangdao Channei; Auppatham Nakaruk; Wilawan Khanitchaidecha; Panatda Jannoey; Sukon Phanichphant

doi:10.14456/nujst.2020.9

Authors

Duangdao Channei Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
Auppatham Nakaruk Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Naresuan University,Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
Wilawan Khanitchaidecha Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
Panatda Jannoey Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University,Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
Sukon Phanichphant Center of excellence in Materials Science and Technology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14456/nujst.2020.9

Keywords:

Mesopore, Rice husk, Freundlich model, Adsorption, 2–chlorophenol

Abstract

In this work, the adsorption of a harmful pollutant, 2–chlorophenol, from aqueous solution onto carbonized rice husk (C–RH) was investigated. Highly-porous adsorbent C–RH was produced in this study using chemical activation with hydrochloric acid, followed by carbonization at 550°C. The surface morphology of C–RH by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and BET N₂ adsorption/desorption techniques showed that the results of C–RH characterization had a pore volume of 0.042 cm³/g and BET surface area of 278.90 m²/g due to the resulting silicon element contained in rice husk ash. Pore size distribution having a clear hysteresis loop belongs to type IV isotherm nature with H3–type of hysteresis loop, which is distributed by pores mainly in the mesoporous range. The batch adsorption experiments showed that the equilibrium uptake was increased with an increase in initial 2–chlorophenol concentration. The experimental isotherm data fit better with the Freundlich isotherm model, which followed an ideal multilayer adsorption with the maximum monolayer adsorption capacity (N_m) of 13.4048 mg/g obtained by Langmuir. Kinetic data was best fit to a pseudo–second order rate equation, indicating chemisorption. Thermodynamic parameter in terms of ΔG^o for the adsorption showed that adsorption on the surface of C–RH at 304.15 K was spontaneous in nature. Consequently, C-RH produced from rice husk waste has the potential to serve as an alternative to commercial activated carbon for water treatment.

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