Application of Clove Oil for Transportation and Anesthetic Maintenance of Juvenile Hybrid Catfish (Clarias macrocephalus x C.gariepinus)

Chutima Thanomsit; Witsanu Sonponkrung; Nittaya Pimchan; Kraisak Jantarakomet; Jakkaphun Nanuam; Amnuay Wattanakornsiri

doi:10.14456/nujst.2021.24

Authors

Chutima Thanomsit Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan Surin Campus, Surin 32000 Thailand
Witsanu Sonponkrung Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan Surin Campus, Surin 32000 Thailand
Nittaya Pimchan Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan Surin Campus, Surin 32000 Thailand
Kraisak Jantarakomet Department of Science and Mathematics, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Surin campus Nok-Muang Sub-district, Muang District, Surin 32000 Thailand
Jakkaphun Nanuam Program of Natural resources and Environment, Faculty of Science and Social Sciences, Burapha University, Sakaeo 27160 Thailand
Amnuay Wattanakornsiri Program of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Surindra Rajabhat University, Surin 32000 Thailand

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14456/nujst.2021.24

Keywords:

anesthetic, clove oil, hybrid catfish, transportation

Abstract

Synthetically chemical anesthetic might affect and accumulate in aquaculture fish when transportation of juvenile hybrid catfish. This study aimed: 1) to investigate the toxicity of clove oil, 2) to test the effectiveness of clove oil in application as an anesthetic in transportation, and 3) to evaluate appropriate concentrations of clove oil in using as an anesthetic. It was found that the cumulative mortality of hybrid catfish increased with an increasing in concentrations and exposure times. The mortality of hybrid catfish exposing to 10 ppm of clove oil was found after 48 h of exposure. For the concentrations of 20, 30 and 40 ppm of clove oil, the mortality was found after 24 h of exposure. The LC₅₀ of clove oil in hybrid catfish exposed to clove oil for 24, 48, 72 and 96 h were 66.26 (59.14-77.89), 50.54 (47.83 -54.14), 48.49 (44.63-53.79) and 35.67 (33.65-38.13) ppm, respectively. The concentrations of clove oil causing anesthetic (stage 3, e.g.loss of reflex activity) in the hybrid catfish were only 3 levels: 125, 150 and 175 ppm, respectively. EC₅₀ values were calculated in only 2 durations, which were found at 173.73 and 139.63 ppm, respectively. Finally, we found that the fish was recovered in 3 and 5 min. And, the EC₅₀ values were 111.96 (88.07-123.52) ppm and 165.09 (159.04-173.43) ppm. After evaluating the effectiveness of clove oil for fish transportation, all the concentrations comprising 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 ppm did not cause fish mortality. The mucus in exposed fish was excreted more than in the normal condition after 15 h of exposure time and also found lesions on its body. Based on our results, clove oil could be used as an alternative agent in anesthetic maintenance and transportation in juvenile hybrid catfish. The appropriate concentrations of clove oil were in the range of 2-4 ppm.

References

Aiuyamnouy, D., Sungpetch, A., Muntiprasert, A., & Yomlar, R. (2016). Evaluation of Clove Oil as anesthetic Maintenance for Transportation of Juvenile African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus). King Mongkut's Agricultural Journal, 34(2), 114-121.

Akbari, S., Khoshnod, M. J., Rajaian, H., & Afsharnasab, M. (2010). The use of eugenol as an anesthetic in transportation of with Indian shrimp (Fenneropenaeus indicus) post larvae. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 10, 423-429.

Aydin, I., Akbulut, B., Kucuk, E., & Kumlu, M. (2015). Effect of temperature, fish size and dosage of clove oil on Anaesthesia in Turbot (Psetta maxima Linnaeus, 1758). Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic science, 18, 899-904.

Hamachkova, J., Kouril, J., Kozak, P., & Stupka, Z. (2006). Clove oil as an anaesthetic for different freshwater fish species. Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 12, 185-194.

Imjai, P., Kanchan, C., & Chaiyara, A. (2017). The Performance of Clove oil Solution on Anesthetic in Sharptooth Catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Prawarun Agriculture Journal, 14(2), 217-224.

Kulkham, J., Champasri, S., & Vanichkul, K. (2017). Effect of clove oil as Anesthetizing in Handling and Transportation for Puntinus gonionotus. Khon Kaen Agriculture journal, 45(1), 879-883.

McFarland, W. N. (1959). A study of the effects of anesthetics on the behavior and physiology of fishes. Publications of the Institute of Marine Science, 6, 23-55.

Penprapat, N., Wongsathein, D., Sang suttiwongsa, P., & Pikulkaew, S. (2007). Anesthetic and Recovery times of clove oil and quinidine as anesthetics in Carp (Cyprinus carpio). Kasetsart Veterinarians Journal, 17(1), 36-45.

Seetapan, K., Mahawong, N., Bookong, K., Moojareinsup, T., & Kongha, V. (2010). The efficiency of three anesthetic agents effect to juvenile Mekong giant catfish (Panggasisnodon gigas), Naresaun Phayao Journal, 3(1), 8-14.

Somjai, D., Pansue, O., & Chayvareesajja, S. (2008). Toxicity and efficacy of clove oil for anesthetizing Siamese fighting fish (Bettas plendens). Thaksin Journal, 11(2), 31-38.

Tangsitthiwat, S., & Sriveerachai, T. (2013). Transportation of Blue Spotted Grouper (Plectropomus leoparatus Lacepede, 1802) Juvenile by using of clove oil and quinaldine. Bangkok: Trat coastal fisheries Research and Development center.

Urumnouy, D., Sungpetch, A., Suntiprasert, A., & Yomlar, R. (2016). Evaluatium of clove oil as Anesthetic maintenance for transportation of Juvenile African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). King Mongkut's Agricultural Journa, 34(2), 114-121.

Wongtavatchai, J. (2006). Formulation of clove oil solution as an anesthetic for aquatic animals. Bangkok: Faculty of Veterinary science, Chulalongkorn University.

Ögretmen, F., & Gökçek, K. (2013). Comparative efficacy of three anesthetic agents on juvenile african catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822). Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 13, 51-56.

Perdikaris, C., Nathanailides, C., Gouva, E., Gabriel, U. U., Bitchava, K., Athanasopoulou, F., … Paschos, I. (2010). Size-relative effectiveness of clove oil as an anaesthetic for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792) and goldfish (Carassius auratus Linnaeus, 1758). Acta Veterinaria Brno, 79, 481–490.

Velisek, J., Svobodova, Z., Piackova, V., Groch, L., & Nepejchalava, L. (2005). Effects of clove oil an anesthesia on common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Veterinary medicine journal -Czech, 50, 269–275.

Weber, R. A., Peleteiro, J. B., Gcarclcc, L. O., & Aldegvnde, M. (2009). The efficacy of 2-phenoxyethanol, metomidate, clove oil and MS-222 as anaesthetic agents in the Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis Kaup 1858). Aquaculture, 288, 147-150.

Walker, C. H., Hopkin, S. P., Sibly, R. M., & Peakall, D. B. (2006). Principle of Ecotoxicology. USA: Taylor & Francis